铁对反硝化脱硫运行效能影响

研究基于Fe2+可以刺激硫酸盐还原菌的活性,氢气又可以作为电子供体促进反硝化脱氮理论,考察了铁粉对同步反硝化脱硫运行技能的影响.在混养(主)、自养和异养(辅)条件下对比加入铁粉前后各种底物的代谢规律,结果表明:混养条件下加入铁粉前后,硫化物去除率均在99％以上,硝酸盐和乙酸盐的去除率分别为80％,90％和88％,62％.铁粉不影响碳、氮、硫的同步脱除,而且可以强化硫酸盐还原作用和反硝化作用,却使硫化物的去除时间延长2倍.经分析得知,铁粉的加入可以提高自养菌群的活性,进而提供氢气这种更容易被自养菌利用的电子供体将硝酸盐还原为氮气,使硫化物剩余.而且,Fe和H2O发生化学反应生成的Fe2+和氢气均能提高硫酸盐还原菌的活性,硫酸盐还原菌群和自养菌群之间可能存在一定的共生关系,Fe的加入会破坏这种共生关系.     

分散生活污水处理技术及其分析

结合分散性生活污水的水质水量特点,介绍了几种适合处理此类污水的工艺技术,同时就其自身的特点、适用性及工程经济性等方面进行了分析比较,得出净化沼气池、人工湿地、蚯蚓生态滤池、高效藻类塘技术的投资、运行费用低、管理简单方便.而膜生物反应器和一体化处理装置的投资和运行费用都较高,且需要专业技术人员管理,可应用于经济发展水平高,对出水水质要求高的地区.同时,也提出了分散性生活污水处理技术应用中尚待解决的问题,旨在为我国分散性生活污水的治理服务.     

浑河主要污染指标特征性分析

利用1995年至2010年浑河干流7个常规监测断面的历年监测数据,通过统计分析确定浑河水质的主要污染指标为氨氮、总磷（TP）、化学需氧量（COD）和生化需氧量（BOD）。并指出1995～2000年间,浑河有机污染突出,2000年以后,浑河水质氮、磷污染更为突出,有机污染有所改善。并详细分析了这四项主要污染指标的时间及水期间分布规律,为浑河流域水污染治理及编制流域规划提供技术支撑。     

工业用煤气燃烧装置二氧化硫减排方式的讨论

工业用煤气是工业生产中普遍采用的气体燃料,煤气燃烧过程会产生二氧化硫,减少煤气燃烧过程的二氧化硫排放可采用煤气脱硫和烟气脱硫两种方式。本文通过对煤气脱硫工艺及烟气脱硫工艺原理及参数进行对比的方式,讨论工业用燃气燃烧装置的两种二氧化硫减排方式的优缺点,为该类装置脱硫设计提供参考。     

胶州湾沉积物氮的环境生物地球化学意义

利用氮的分级浸取技术,研究了胶州湾不同粒级沉积物中氮的赋存形态.研究表明,胶州湾沉积物中可转化态氮可分为离子交换态、弱酸浸取态、强碱浸取态和强氧化剂浸取态.不同粒级沉积物中各形态氮占可转化态氮的比例各不相同.在细、中和粗粒级沉积物中,强氧化剂浸取态氮是可交换态氮的优势形态,分别占可转化氮的35.38%、44.38%和58.69%.在中、粗粒级沉积物中,强碱浸取态氮是无机氮的主要赋存形态,分别占可转化态氮的26.31%和25.85%.在细粒级沉积物中,离子交换态氮是优势态的无机氮,占可转化态氮的27.67%.相关分析表明,对于胶州湾来说,沉积物的粒度越细,氮的含量就越高,各形态氮大致与细、中粒级沉积物含量呈正相关,而与粗粒级沉积物含量呈负相关.研究还表明,不同粒级沉积物中氮与浮游植物数量、叶绿素a以及上覆水体中硝酸盐的含量大致都在一定程度上呈正相关,这一方面说明了沉积物对上覆水体元素的含量有着不可忽视的影响,另一方面也说明了沉积物中的氮对海水的富营养化水平有着较好的指示和十分重要的环境意义.     

Development of analytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in airborne particulates： A review

In the present work, the different sample collection, pretreatment and analytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in airborne particulates is systematacially reviewed, and the applications of these pretreatment and analytical methods for PAHs are compared in detail. Some comments on the future expectation are also presented.     

Reversibly enhanced aqueous solubilization of volatile organic compounds using a redox-reversible surfactant

Surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) is an effective method for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from contaminated soils and groundwater. To reuse the surfactant the VOCs must be separated from the surfactant solutions. The water solubility of VOCs can be enhanced using reversible surfactants with a redox-acive group, (ferrocenylmethyl)dodecyldimethylammonium bromide (Fcl2) and (ferrocenylmethyl)tetradecanedimethylammonium bromide (Fcl4), above and below their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) under reducing (I⁺) and oxidative (I²⁺) conditions. The CMC values of Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I⁺ are 0.94 and 0.56 mmol/L and the solubilization of toluene by Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I⁺ for toluene is higher than the solubilization achieved with sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Trition X-114. The solubilization capacity of the ferrocenyl surfactants for each tested VOCs ranked as follows: ethylbenzene > toluene > benzene. The solubilities of VOCs by reversible surfactant in I⁺ were 30% higher than those in I²⁺ at comparable surfactant concentrations. The effects of Fcl4 concentrations on VOCs removal efficiency were as follows: benzene > toluene > ethylbenzene. However, an improved removal efficiency was achieved at low ferrocenyl surfactant concentrations. Furthermore, the reversible surfactant could be recycled through chemical approaches to remove organic pollutants, which could significantly reduce the operating costs of SER technology.     

餐厨垃圾国家政策及地方法规研究和思考

文章介绍了餐厨垃圾的产生和危害,以及目前国家及地方在餐厨垃圾处理方面颁布和制定的指导性文件、政策性法规、及行业标准。通过总结苏州、宁波、西宁、乌鲁木齐等城市在治理餐厨垃圾过程中的经验,结合这些地区在餐厨垃圾处理方面的地方法规、收集运输系统、无害化处理体系的建立过程,通过分析思考,提出了适用于一般城市的关于餐厨垃圾收集、运输、处理过程系统性的工作框架。指出了餐厨垃圾处理目前面临的主要问题,并对未来如何推进和完善餐厨垃圾处理工作提出了合理化建议,对政府未来的决策具有一定程度的参考意义。     

Quantitative method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals based on odor sensitivity distribution：Illustrated using 2-MIB

Taste and odor （T/O） in drinking water often cause consumer complaints and are thus regulated in many countries. However, people in different regions may exhibit different sensitivities toward WO. This study proposed a method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals （ORGs） based on the odor sensitivity distribution of the local population. The distribution of odor sensitivity to 2-methylisobomeol （2-MIB） by the local population in Beijing, China was revealed by using a normal distribution function/model to describe the odor complaint response to a 2-MIB episode in 2005, and a 2-MIB concentration of 12.9 ng/L and FPA （flavor profile analysis） intensity of 2.5 was found to be the critical point to cause odor complaints. Thus the Beijing ORG for 2-MIB was determined to be 12.9 ng/L. Based on the assumption that the local FPA panel can represent the local population in terms of sensitivity to odor, and that the critical FPA intensity causing odor complaints was 2.5, this study tried to determine the ORGs for seven other cities of China by performing FPA tests using an FPA panel from the corresponding city. ORG values between 12.9 and 31.6 ng/L were determined, showing that a unified ORG may not be suitable for drinking water odor regulations. This study presents a novel approach for setting drinking water odor regulations.     

多级过滤技术在汽车工业废水处理尾水回用中的应用

某大型汽车厂设计采用多级过滤技术对工业废水处理尾水进行深度处理,再生后的中水回用于工业循环冷却水系统。介绍了多级过滤工艺的系统组成、工艺原理及处理效果。实际运行情况表明:采用多级过滤技术处理汽车工业废水处理后的尾水,系统运行稳定,出水水质良好,满足GB/T 19923—2005《再生水用作冷却用水的水质控制标准》的要求。